Clinical practice stressors and anxiety in nursing students during COVID-19 / Estresores de la práctica clínica y ansiedad en estudiantes de enfermería durante la COVID-19

Abstract Introduction The suspension of clinical practices in the nursing profession during COVID-19 generated a decrease in the students՚ abilities and skills which made them vulnerable to more frequent to clinical practice stressors and levels of anxiety. Objective To determine the relation between clinical practice stressors and anxiety levels in nursing students during COVID-19. Method A descriptive correlational study with convenience sampling was carried out in 169 students enrolled from third to eight semesters in a public university in the city of Saltillo, Coahuila. For the measurement of variables a sociodemographic data card, the KEZKAK Questionnaire in its Spanish version to measure the clinical practice stressors and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used. Data collection was through a digital link during August-December 2021. Descriptive and inferential statistics were sued through SPSS V.26. Results 57.4% reported a medium level of stress and 62.7% a low level of anxiety; however, there are stressors from clinical practice that lead to increased anxiety. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the study variables (r = .411, p<.001). Discussion and conclusion The challenges in clinical practice experienced during COVID-19 highlight that generations of future nursing professionals face a scenario that is the product of a post-pandemic era, so it is necessary to strengthen their knowledge and confidence to motivate them to feel safe within the hospital context.

Resumen Introducción La suspensión en las prácticas clínicas en la profesión de enfermería durante la COVID-19, generó en los estudiantes disminución de sus habilidades y destrezas que los hizo vulnerables a presentar con mayor frecuencia estresores de la práctica clínica y niveles de ansiedad. Objetivo Determinar la relación entre los estresores de la práctica clínica y los niveles de ansiedad en estudiantes de enfermería durante la COVID-19. Método Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo correlacional con muestreo por conveniencia en 169 estudiantes de tercero a octavo semestre matriculados en una universidad pública de la ciudad de Saltillo Coahuila. Para la medición de variables se utilizó la cédula de datos sociodemográficos, el Cuestionario KEZKAK para medir los estresores de la práctica clínica y el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck. La colecta de datos fue a través de un enlace digital durante agosto-diciembre 2021. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial a través del SPSS V.26. Resultados El 57.4% refiere un nivel medio de estrés y el 62.7% un bajo nivel de ansiedad; sin embargo, existen estresores provenientes de la práctica clínica que propician el aumento de ansiedad. Se encontró una correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre las variables de estudio (r = .411, p<.001). Discusión y conclusión Los retos en la práctica clínica experimentados durante la COVID-19, resaltan que las generaciones de futuros profesionistas en enfermería se enfrentan a un panorama producto de una época post-pandemia, por lo que es necesario afianzar sus conocimientos y su confianza para motivarlos a sentirse seguros dentro del contexto hospitalario.

Afrontamiento al estrés académico en la carrera de Estomatología

Introducción: el estrés académico es un proceso sistémico, adaptativo y esencialmente psicológico; es la manera de reaccionar de una persona frente a ciertos estímulos. El del artículo es evaluar el estrés académico en estudiantes de primer y segundo años de la carrera Estomatología. Método: investigación analítica de corte pedagógico en la Facultad de Estomatología de Camagüey. El universo estuvo constituido por los 42 estudiantes matriculados en primer y segundo año de la carrera; a los que se les aplicó el inventario SISCO de Estrés Académico, diseñado para establecer los niveles de estrés en estudiantes universitarios. Los datos fueron procesados mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: Predominó el nivel moderado de estrés en ambos grupos, con el 70 y 72,7 % en primer y segundo año respectivamente. Los estresores que más influyeron fueron las evaluaciones de los profesores y el tiempo limitado para realizar el trabajo que solicitan con puntuaciones por encima de 10 en primer año y 9 en segundo. Predominaron las reacciones psicológicas y físicas en segundo año y la estrategia de afrontamiento predominante fue la elaboración de un plan y ejecución de sus tareas con puntuación de 9 en segundo año y 11,4 en primero (p=0,006). Discusión: el ingreso a la universidad y los cambios que suscita, la adopción gradual de responsabilidades y la percepción individual además de los efectos de la pandemia se consideran factores que influyen en el estrés manifestado por los estudiantes; situación que afrontan fundamentalmente mediante la elaboración de un plan y la ejecución de sus tareas.

Introduction: Academic stress is a systemic, adaptive and essentially psychological process; it is the way people react to certain stimuli. Aim: to assess the academic stress in first and second year students of Dentistry. Method: analytic research with pedagogical kind, conducted in Camaguey Faculty of Dentistry involving the 42 students of first and second year of the program. SISCO tool of academic stress was applied since it allows to establish the levels of stress in university students. Data were processed through both descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: Moderate levels of stress were predominant in both years with 70% and 72,7 % in first and second respectively. The most influent stressors were the evaluations and the limited time for accomplishment of assigned tasks with figures above 10 in first year and 9 in second one. Psychological and physical reactions were predominant in second year students, and the most used strategy to face up to stress was elaboration of a plan and carry out its tasks which exhibited figures of 9 in second year and 11,4 in first year (p=0,006). Discussion: university admission and changes associated combined, the gradual responsibilities assumed and individual perception together with the impact of the pandemics are the main factors contributing to the stress exhibited by students; issue faced by elaborating a plan and develop its tasks as it is the preferred strategy.

Eventos de blanqueamiento del coral Porites lobata (2006-2022) y actividades de restauración en el sitio Ramsar ''Complejo Los Cóbanos", El Salvador

Introducción: El blanqueamiento global coralino refleja la fragilidad del coral a condiciones ambientales adversas y al cambio climático. Porites lobata es la especie de coral hermatípico más abundante actualmente en El Salvador y ha experimentado eventos de blanqueamiento recientes en el área natural protegida Complejo Los Cóbanos. Objetivo: Describir los episodios de blanqueamiento que colonias de P. lobata experimentaron en Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, durante los últimos 18 años, y analizar los esfuerzos de restauración de coral. Métodos: Aproximadamente 2 100 imágenes (2006 - 2022) tomadas sin periodicidad específica de dos sitios fueron revisadas. Parámetros del agua desde 2014 fueron registradas sin una periodicidad temporal definida. Las áreas de estudio fueron son playa El Faro y colonias submareales cerca de un importante resort de playa. La primera área presentó colonias dispersas en una zona intermareal, la otra, colonias más grandes a 2 m de profundidad en marea baja. También, revisar literatura acerca de actividades para restaurar arrecifes dentro del país. Resultados: Varios eventos de blanqueamiento ocurrieron durante este período de observación. Algunos de ellos podrían estar asociados a temperaturas altas del agua de mar (> 30 o C) de mayo a octubre (estación lluviosa), floraciones algales nocivas, así como causas desconocidas. Varios blanqueamientos que causaron pérdida de cobertura de coral en las colonias intermareales ocurrieron durante el evento global (2015-2016). Conclusiones: Blanqueamiento en el Complejo los Cóbanos ocurre en diferentes patrones de intensidad durante la estación lluviosa que comprende niveles de alta temperatura y turbidez en el agua, así como floraciones algales. El episodio de 2015-2016 causó pérdida de cobertura de coral en las colonias intermareales y las submareales experimentaron pequeños daños permanentes (< 5 % mortalidad). Las políticas de restauración nacionales requieren más esfuerzos estratégicos considerando la hidrodinámica y las capacidades institucionales locales.

Introduction: Global coral bleaching reflects coral fragility to adverse environmental conditions and climate change. Porites lobata is the most abundant hermatypic coral species currently in El Salvador and has experienced recent bleaching events at natural protected area Complejo Los Cóbanos. Objective: To describe the bleaching episodes that colonies of P. lobata experienced at Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, during the last 18 years, and analyze coral restoration efforts. Methods: Approximately 2 100 images (2006 - 2022) taken without specific periodicity from two sites were reviewed. Water parameters since 2014 were registered without defined frequency. The areas sampled were El Faro beach and subtidal colonies near an important beach resort. The first area presented dispersed colonies on an intertidal zone, the other, larger colonies at 2 m deep in low tide. Also, literature about activities to restore reefs within the country was reviewed. Results: Several bleaching events occurred during this observation period. Some of them could be associated to high sea water temperatures (> 30 o C) from May to October (rainy season), others to harmful algae blooms, as well as unknown causes. Severe bleaching that caused loss of coral coverage on intertidal colonies occurred during the global event (2015-2016). Conclusion: Bleaching at Los Cóbanos occurs in different intensity patterns usually during the rainy season that encompasses high temperature and turbidity levels in water, as well as algal blooms. The 2015-2016 episode caused coral coverage loss on the intertidal colonies and subtidal ones experienced little permanent damages (< 5% mortality). National restoration policies for coral colonies require more strategic efforts considering the local littoral hydrodynamics and institutional capabilities.

A Narrative Review on Priorities of Mental Health Issues among Transgenders: “So Near, Yet so Far”

In recent years there is a rapid rise in coming out of sexual and gender minority adults to their family members and society. Unfortunately, studies on unmet health needs of transgenders with a special focus to mental health is under-researched in India. The current paper aimed to explore about the mental health of transgenders and a literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for the following medical subject headings (MeSH) key terms “transgender”, “mental Health”, “social stigma”, “LGBT”, “gender dysphoria”, “genderqueer”, “intersex”, “MSM”, “hijra”, “gay”, “lesbian”, “bisexual”, and “homosexual”. Transgender individuals were found to show high rates of mental health concerns. The most common mental health problems that we have shown in this review article are depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, generalized anxiety disorders, suicidal attempts and bipolar disorders. Transgender people are at more risk for mental health problems than their heterogenous counterparts. The intervention program to eliminate or reduce these problems needs to be planned carefully, considering all the determinants

The mediating role of intrinsic motivation between challenge-hindrance stressors and thriving at work among clinical nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between challenge-hindrance stressors and thriving at work in clinical nurses, and to analyze the mediating role of intrinsic motivation.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 319 nurses from the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital from May to June 2022 were investigated by general data questionnaire, Challenge-Hindrance Stressors Scale, Intrinsic Motivation Scale and Thriving At Work Scale. Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between various variables, and Amos 23.0 was used to construct a structural equation model to analyze the mediating role of intrinsic motivation between challenging stressors, hindrance stressors, and thriving at work.Results:The score for challenging stressors was (21.22 ± 4.42) points, the score for hindrance stressors was (13.51 ± 3.59) points, the score for intrinsic motivation was (78.96 ± 11.52) points, and the score for thriving at work was (51.27 ± 8.03) points. Challenging stressors was positively associated with intrinsic motivation and thriving at work ( r=0.222, 0.221, both P<0.01), hindrance stressors was negatively associated with intrinsic motivation and thriving at work ( r=-0.152, -0.337, both P<0.01), intrinsic motivation was positively correlated with thriving at work ( r=0.564, P<0.01). Intrinsic motivation was partially mediated between challenging stressors, hindrance stressors and thriving at work, respectively accounting for 16.02% and 13.79%. Conclusions:Challenging stressors and hindrance stressors can indirectly influence their thriving at work through intrinsic motivation. Nursing managers should help nurses treat different stressors correctly to enhance their intrinsic motivation and promote their thriving at work.

Fatores estressores de estudantes de enfermagem em diferentes cenários simulados

Objetivo: Comparar a percepção de fatores estressores de estudantes de enfermagem antes e após sua experiência em cinco cenários diferentes de simulação. Material e Método: Pesquisa de intervenção, longitudinal e quantitativa, realizado com uma amostra por conveniência de 35 estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade do sul do Brasil. O critério de inclusão foi estar matriculado no curso Saúde do Adulto e do Idoso do sexto semestre do programa de Enfermagem, que tem duração de 10 semestres. O critério de exclusão foi ter formação prévia em um programa com competências em exame clínico. O critério de descontinuidade foi a ausência de pelo menos uma experiência simulada. O questionário KEZKAK, validado em português e adaptado com 31 itens para estudos de simulação, foi utilizado para avaliar a percepção de fatores estressores durante cinco cenários simulados sobre suporte básico e avançado de vida. Resultados: Após experiência dos estudantes em cinco diferentes cenários de simulação, observou-se uma redução significativa na percepção dos seguintes estressores: falta de competência (p= 0,0329); contato com o sofrimento (p= 0,0279); relacionamento com tutores e companheiros (p= 0,4699 / p= 0,0135 respectivamente); e ser magoado no relacionamento com o paciente (p= 0,0110). Conclusões: A execução de cenários variados e com nível progressivo de complexidade, pode ajudar a reduzir os fatores de estresse percebidos pelos estudantes de enfermagem durante as atividades de simulação clínica.

Objective: To compare the perception of nursing students before and after their experience in five different simulation scenarios. Materials and Methods: Interventional, longitudinal and quantitative research, conducted with a convenience sample of 35 nursing students from a university in the south of Brazil. The inclusion criterion was to be enrolled in the course Adult and Elderly Health of the sixth semester of the graduate Nursing program, which has a duration of 10 semesters. The exclusion criterion was having previous training in a program with competencies in clinical examination. The discontinuity criterion was the absence of at least one simulated experience. To assess the perception of stressors during simulated scenarios in basic and advanced life support, the KEZKAK questionnaire, validated in Portuguese and adapted with 31 items for simulation studies, was used. Results: After experiencing five different simulation scenarios, there was a significant reduction in the perception of the following stressors: lack of competence (p= 0.0329); contact with suffering (p= 0.0279); relationship with tutors and peers (p= 0.4699 / p= 0.0135 respectively); and hurt feelings in the relationship with the patient (p= 0.0110). Conclusions: Performing varied scenarios with increasing levels of complexity may help to reduce the stressors perceived by nursing students during clinical simulation activities.

Objetivo: Comparar la percepción de factores estresantes en estudiantes de enfermería antes y después de su experiencia en cinco escenarios diferentes de simulación. Material y Método: Investigación de intervención, longitudinal y cuantitativa, realizada con una muestra por conveniencia de 35 estudiantes de enfermería de una Universidad del Sur de Brasil. El criterio de inclusión fue estar matriculado en la asignatura de Salud del Adulto y Adulto Mayor del sexto semestre de la carrera de Enfermería que tiene un total de 10 semestres de formación. El criterio de exclusión fue tener formación previa em una carrera com competencias en examen clínico. El criterio de discontinuidad fue la ausencia en al menos una experiencia simulada. Para evaluar la percepción de estresores durante los escenarios simulados en soporte vital básico y avanzado, se utilizó el cuestionario KEZKAK validado en lengua portuguesa, adaptado com 31 ítems para estudios en el ámbito de la simulación. Resultados: Después de la experiencia en cinco escenarios diferentes de simulación, hubo una reducción significativa en la percepción de los siguientes factores estresantes: falta de competencia (p= 0,0329); contacto con el sufrimiento (p= 0,0279); relación con tutores y compañeros (p= 0,4699 / p=0,0135); y sentirse herido en la relación con el paciente (p= 0,0110). Conclusiones: La ejecución de escenarios variados y con un nivel de complejidad progresivo, puede ayudar a reducir los estresores que perciben los estudiantes de enfermería durante las actividades de simulación clínica.

Psychological well-being, stressors, coping strategies and support of undergraduate healthcare students amid COVID-19

Background: Students function better academically when psychologically well. The COVID-19 pandemic proved a new challenge to the mental wellness of undergraduate healthcare students. Students were not only faced with academic changes but also had to complete clinical practice in healthcare facilities amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: This study investigated the psychological well-being, stressors, coping strategies and support of undergraduate healthcare students amid COVID-19. Setting: A South African university's faculty of health sciences. Methods: A survey design through a cross-sectional descriptive approach was used to collect data from the population of 1529 undergraduate healthcare students. One hundred and ninety-six (n = 196) students responded to the online survey. Results: Participants reported a variety of stressors influencing their psychological well-being. Participants chose mostly adaptive coping strategies to deal with stressors. They gave feedback on the support they received from the faculty and institution. Most of the participants indicated they prefer weekly online communication from the higher education institution. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the psychological well-being of undergraduate healthcare students. The psychological well-being of these students is a collective responsibility between students and higher education institutions to enable academic success and positive patient outcomes. Contribution: This study found that undergraduate healthcare students had academic, psychological, financial and other stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher education institutions, especially those involved in training undergraduate healthcare professionals, in collaboration with students, need to provide students with targeted continued support and training to use healthy coping behaviours to manage various stressors.

Inventario SISCO del estrés académico: revisión de sus propiedades psicométricas en estudiantes universitarios / SISCO inventory of academic stress: review of its psychometric properties in university students

Resumen: Los estudios superiores representan el punto culminante del estrés académico, proceso multifactorial complejo, con alta carga de trabajo. El inventario SISCO del estrés académico posee buenas propiedades psicométricas para sus subescalas de Estresores, Sintomatología y para la puntuación media total, no así para la subescala de Afrontamiento. El objetivo de este artículo es corroborar lo reportado previamente en base a un análisis psicométrico completo. En 1126 estudiantes universitarios, se obtuvieron buenas propiedades psicométricas para las subescalas de Estresores y Sintomatología, con un buen ajuste en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, en base a una estructura de cuatro factores. La subescala de Sintomatología quedó conformada por las subescalas Reacciones físicas y psicológicas y por Reacciones del comportamiento social. La subescala de Afrontamiento mantiene propiedades psicométricas deficientes. La puntuación para el total de los ítems del instrumento muestra buenas propiedades psicométricas (alfa de Cronbach y omega de 0.820 y 0.860, respectivamente). Se corrobora lo reportado previamente, avalándose la necesidad de más estudios, y la modificación del instrumento, en especial la subescala de Afrontamiento.

Abstract: Higher education represents the peak of academic stress, a complex multifactorial process with a high workload. The SISCO academic stress inventory has good psychometric properties for its subscales Stressors, Symptomatology and for the whole instrument, but not for the Coping subscale. The aim of this paper is to corroborate previous reports based on a full psychometric analysis. In 1,126 university students, good psychometric properties were obtained for the Stressors and Symptomatology subscales, with a good fit in the confirmatory factor analysis, based on a four-factor structure. The Symptomatology subscale consisted of the subscales Physical and Psychological Reactions and Social Behavioural Reactions. The Coping subscale maintains poor psychometric properties. The complete scale score shows good psychometric properties (Cronbach's alpha and omega of 0.820 and 0.860, respectively). This corroborates previous reports and supports the need for further study and modification of the instrument, especially the Coping subscale.

Impactos da pandemia da COVID-19 na percepção de estresse e estressores em diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida / Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perception of stress and stressors at different stages of the life cycle

A pandemia da COVID-19 tem causado impactos psicológicos na população mundial, e seu consequente estresse pode levar a problemas de longo prazo. Este trabalho objetivou analisar o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 na percepção de estresse e estressores na população do Estado de São Paulo ­ Brasil, quando comparada a um período anterior à pandemia, nas diferentes fases do ciclo vital. Realizou-se um estudo exploratório, com amostra não probabilística, por acessibilidade, dividida em período Antes da Pandemia (AP) e Pandemia (P). Foi aplicado o IPEEB ­ Inventário de Percepção de Estresse e Estressores e um questionário demográfico em duas etapas: AP e P. Participaram 1181 adultos (N = 854 AP e N = 327 P). A análise foi feita em grupos divididos por fases do ciclo vital. Os resultados se mostraram consistentes (alfa de Cronbach 0,93), e a percepção de estresse e estressores foi maior no período P em relação ao período AP, com diferenças significativas nos grupos divididos por fases do ciclo vital. Os dados sugerem que pessoas em diferentes estágios da vida reagem de maneiras distintas aos estressores durante a pandemia, exigindo diferentes ações de apoio psicossocial atual e futuro dependendo da faixa etária.

The pandemic of COVID-19 has caused psychological impacts on the world population, and its consequent stress can cause long-term problems. The aim of this work was to analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the perception of stress and stressors among the population of State of São Paulo - Brazil, when compared to a period before the pandemic, in the different phases of the life cycle stages. An exploratory study was carried out, with a non-probabilistic sample, by accessibility divided in period Before Pandemic (BP) and Pandemic (P). The IPEEB - Inventory of Perceived Stress and Stressors and a demographic questionnaire were applied in two steps: BP and P. 1181 adults participated (N=854 BP and N=327 P). The analysis was done in groups divided by life cycle stage, which are ending of the youth, early adulthood, middle age and senior age. The results presented to be consistent (Cronbach's alfa .93), And the perception of stress and stressors was higher in the P period compared to the BP period, with significant differences in the groups divided by vital cycle stages. The results suggest that people at different life stages react in different ways to the stressors during pandemic, requiring different current and future psychosocial support actions depending on the age group.

Abertura de possíveis no cuidado em saúde mental, em momentos de crise / Opening up possibilities in mental health care, in times of crisis

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é apontar possíveis ações em saúde mental, em momentos de crise, a partir da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. Utilizou-se de cena ilustrativa para fundamentar a análise, a partir de diferentes concepções sobre o fenômeno. Evidencia-se que concepções hegemônicas e simplificadoras da crise psíquica são centralizadas em sinais e sintomas, e apagam os sentidos do episódio, gerando ações de violência para os envolvidos. Defende-se a busca por respostas complexas, a fim de ampliar possibilidades de entendimento e ação, envolvendo diferentes atores, que estão implicados na produção da cena da crise. Sugere-se uma abordagem amparada em diferentes pontos da rede psicossocial, visto que a manutenção dos laços comunitários é imperiosa e pode se transformar em espaços facilitadores para a aproximação ou manutenção da pessoa na comunidade. Conclui-se que as aberturas possíveis para o acolhimento e as ações em rede encontram limites nas concepções simplificadoras e contraditórias às necessidades das pessoas. Para lidar com a complexidade da crise, necessita-se de outro paradigma, outros olhares, práticas e saberes, que considerem que a pessoa que encarna a crise produz um significado, constrói um saber sobre a vida e sobre a própria crise, e não deve ser colocada no lugar de objeto de intervenção.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to point achievable actions in mental health, in times of crisis, from the Psychosocial Care Network. An illustrative scene was used to support this analysis, from different conceptions about this phenomenon. It is evident that the hegemonic and simplifying conceptions of the psychiatric crisis are centered on signs and symptoms that erase the senses of the episode, and generate acts of violence for everyone involved. The search for complex answers is defended, in order to expand possibilities of understanding and action, involving different actors, that are involved in the production of the crisis's scene. It is suggested an approach supported by different points of the psychosocial network, since the maintenance of the community bonds is imperative and can turn into spaces facilitating the approach or maintenance of the person in the community. It is concluded that the possible openings for the reception and the actions in network find limits in the simplifying conceptions and contradictory to the needs of the people. In order to face the complexity of the crisis, another paradigm is needed, other perspectives, other practices and knowledge that consider that the person who embodies the crisis produces a meaning, builds some knowledge about your life and the own crisis, and should not be placed in the place of intervention object.

Factores estresantes y sintomatología psicológica durante el Aislamiento Social Preventivo Obligatorio por COVID-19 en población adulta de Buenos Aires / Stressors and Psychological Symptoms during Social, Preventive and Mandatory Isolation for COVID-19 in Adult Population of Buenos Aires

El aislamiento preventivo a causa de la pandemia por COVID-19 ha provocado un aumento en la prevalencia de síntomas psicológicos y emocionales en población adulta de diferentes países. Los objetivos de esta investigación consistieron en: a) realizar la validación de la versión abreviada del Inventario de Síntoma- v45 para su uso en adultos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y Conurbano Bonaerense; y b) describir los factores estresantes y la sintomatología psicológica ante la situación de aislamiento obligatorio. Se administró un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la versión abreviada del Inventario de Síntomas Psicológicos a 430 participantes adultos de Buenos Aires (82% mujeres y 18% varones) con un rango de edad fue de 18 a 63 años, una media de 30 años y un desvío estándar de 10. Las diferentes evidencias obtenidas sugieren que el Inventario de Síntomas abreviado es un instrumento válido y confiable. A través de este Inventario se registró una elevada prevalencia de síntomas asociados especialmente a ansiedad fóbica, ansiedad y depresión. Esta evidencia señala la importancia de programas de evaluación e intervención psicológica para disminuir el impacto psicológico del aislamiento a causa de la COVID-19(AU)

Do organizational support and occupational stressors influence Burnout in teachers? / O suporte laboral e os estressores ocupacionais Influenciam o Burnout em professores? / ¿El apoyo laboral y los factores de estrés ocupacionales influyen en el Burnout de los docentes?

This study evaluated the relationship between perceived work support, occupational stressors and burnout in a sample of 102 teachers, testing a model based on structural equations. The Labor Support Scale (ESUL), the Workplace Stress Vulnerability Scale (EVENT) and the Brazilian Burnout Scale (EBB) were applied. From the results, the EBB correlated positively and moderately with the EVENT and negatively and with a weak magnitude with the ESUL. The EVENT and ESUL presented a negative and weak correlation. Using the path analysis model, stressors at work mediated the relationship between work support and burnout. The social interaction dimension (ESUL) predicted the climate and organizational functioning (EVENT), which in turn directly impacted emotional exhaustion/professional frustration and depersonalization/detachment (EBB). The study demonstrates the importance of investigating these constructs in the school context, aiming to support the planning of interventions and the reduction of stressors and burnout indicators. (AU)

Esta pesquisa avaliou a relação entre percepção de suporte laboral, estressores ocupacionais e burnout em uma amostra de 102 professores, testando um modelo baseado em equações estruturais. A Escala de Suporte Laboral (ESUL), Escala de Vulnerabilidade ao Estresse no Trabalho (EVENT) e Escala Brasileira de Burnout (EBB) foram aplicadas. Dos resultados, a EBB correlacionou positiva e moderadamente com EVENT, e negativamente e de magnitude fraca com ESUL. EVENT e ESUL correlacionaram negativamente e com magnitude fraca. Pelo modelo de path analysis, estressores no trabalho mediaram a relação entre suporte laboral e burnout. A dimensão interação social (ESUL) prediz o clima e funcionamento organizacional (EVENT), que, por sua vez, impacta diretamente na exaustão emocional/frustração profissional e despersonalização/distanciamento (EBB). O estudo demonstra a importância de se investigar os referidos construtos no contexto escolar, visando tanto o planejamento de intervenções quanto a diminuição dos estressores e indicadores de burnout. (AU)

Esta investigación evaluó la relación entre el apoyo laboral percibido, los estresores ocupacionales y el burnout en una muestra de 102 profesores, probando un modelo basado en ecuaciones estructurales. Se aplicaron la Escala de Apoyo Laboral (ESUL), la Escala de Vulnerabilidad al Estrés Laboral (EVENT) y la Escala Brasileña de Burnout (EBB). A partir de los resultados, EBB se correlacionó positiva y moderadamente con EVENT y negativamente y de magnitud débil con ESUL. EVENT y ESUL se correlacionaron negativamente y con magnitud débil. A través del modelo path analysis, los factores de estrés en el trabajo mediaron la relación entre el apoyo laboral y el burnout. La dimensión de interacción social (ESUL) predice el clima y el funcionamiento organizacional (EVENT), que a su vez, impacta directamente en el agotamiento emocional/frustración profesional y en la despersonalización/distanciamiento (EBB). El estudio demuestra la importancia de investigar estos constructos en el contexto escolar, indicando tanto a la planificación de intervenciones como a la reducción de factores estresantes e indicios de burnout. (AU)

The C.O.P.E. typology of coping with stressors at sea among Filipino merchant marine ratings: A Q methodology study

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background:</strong> The seafarers' poor mental health has been associated with significant morbidity, inefficiency, and accidents on board. Mental and physical health is largely dependent on the way seafarers handle stressors.<br />Anchored on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, this study aimed to identify the typology of Filipino merchant marine ratings according to their coping strategies to stressors on board vessels.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty-seven (37) Filipino merchant marine ratings participated in this study. They were chosen by purposive sampling. They rank-ordered 25 opinion statements on various stressors and coping mechanisms. The rank-ordered sorts were subjected to by-person factor analysis with Varimax rotation using the PQ Method version 2.32. The resulting factors were interpreted using the inductive approach, aided by the interview done after Q sorting.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results:</strong> Four factors were generated: solution-focused seafarers, stressor-focused seafarers, self-management- focused seafarers, and the social milieu-focused seafarers. There is a consensus on the supplication-focused seafarers who ask for God's help in times of stress.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The generated typology provides a better understanding of seafarers' outlook on stress and coping and may help the stakeholders craft individualized strategies to help improve their coping mechanisms and overall mental health. Occupational health research must continue to focus on understanding the role of culture and adaptation on stress and coping behaviors to retain quality seafarers and promote a healthier workplace.</p>

Anxiety and depression of general population in the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of cross-sectional studies

ABSTRACT Background: The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic promptly changed people's daily lives, influenced human interactions and economic activities and induced mental reactions. Objective: This review synthesized the evidence of correlation between demographic factors, social media exposure, stressors and anxiety and depression status in the early phase of COVID-19. Method: A systematically search included observational studies published before May15, 2020. We selected studies designed with valid measuring instruments of anxiety and depression. Result: 20 articles were included (19 cross-sectional) for review. People who were divorced/widowed, with poor self-rated health status, chronic illness and previous psychiatric illness had higher anxiety and depression prevalence. Higher COVID-19 awareness (including COVID-19 knowledge and precautionary measure) decreased anxiety and depression. The protective measures to reduce anxiety and depression levels included avoiding sharing meals, frequently washing hands and wearing mask. Economic loss, academic delay, influence of daily life, worrying and symptoms related to infection were stressors of anxiety and depression. There were lots of inconsistent results due to convenience sampling and diverse measuring instrument. Conclusion: Our review suggested that reliable information from health authorities, enhancing health literacies and prevention measures of general population can reduce anxiety and depression levels.

Fatores Associados à Síndrome de Burnout em Motoristas de Transporte Coletivo de Passageiros / Factors associated with Burnout Syndrome among drivers of collective passenger transportation / Factores Asociados a la Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo en Conductores de Transporte Colectivo de Pasajeros

Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar os fatores associados às dimensões da Síndrome de Burnout em motoristas de transporte coletivo de passageiros em uma amostragem de duzentos e cinqüenta e oito profissionais. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Questionário de dados sócio-demográficos e laborais, questionário da avaliação relacionado à Síndrome de Burnout pelo trabalho; questionário de estressores ocupacionais e sub-escalas da Escala de Estressores Psicossociais no Contexto Laboral. Os resultados obtidos identificaram um modelo constituído por variáveis sócio-demográficas (idade), laborais (tempo de profissão, tempo de jornada), estressores ocupacionais (escala de trabalho, condições ambientais, relacionamento com passageiros idosos, relacionamento com fiscais, risco de assaltos), estressores psicossociais (ambiguidade de papéis, pressão do grau de responsabilidade). Aponta-se a necessidade de ações voltadas para a prevenção da Síndrome de Burnout nessa categoria profissional, bem como a necessidade de formação e capacitações aos motoristas voltadas aos estressores identificados e ações com passageiros voltadas à valorização do profissional.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with Burnout Syndrome among a sample of 258 drivers of collective passenger transportation, who work in private transportation companies. For the collection of data, the Sociodemographic Data questionnaire, the Evaluation of Burnout Syndrome at Work questionnaire, the Occupational Stressors and Subscales of the Scale of Psychosocial Stressors in the Labor Context questionnaire, and labor data were all used. The results identified predictive models for the dimensions of SB constituted by sociodemographic variables (age), labor (time of profession, resting interval time), occupational stressors (work schedule, environmental conditions, relationship with elderly passengers, relationship with supervisors, risk of assaults), and psychosocial stressors (ambiguity roles, pressure of degree of responsibility). The results show that actions to prevent Burnout Syndrome are needed in this professional category, such as training for drivers focused on the identified stressors and actions with passengers aimed at valuing the professional.

Ese estudio tiene por objetivo identificar los factores asociados a las dimensiones de la Síndrome de Quemarse en conductores de transporte colectivo de pasajeros en una muestra de doscientos cincuenta y ocho conductores. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron utilizados un cuestionario de datos socio demográficos y laborales; cuestionario de evaluación de la Síndrome de Quemarse por el trabajo (CESQT), Cuestionario de estresores ocupacionales y las sub escalas de la Escala de Estresores Psicosociales en el Contexto Laboral. Los resultados, obtenidos identificaron un modelo constituido por variables socio demográficas (edad), laborales (tiempo de profesión, tiempo de intervalo), estresores ocupacionales (escala de trabajo, condiciones ambientales, relacionamiento con pasajeros mayores, relacionamiento con fiscales, posibilidad de asaltos) y estresores psicosociales (ambigüedad de papeles, presión del grado de responsabilidad). Apunta-se la necesidad de acciones dirigidas hacia la prevención de la Síndrome de Quemarse en esa categoría profesional, bien como la necesidad de formaciones y capacitación a los conductores direccionados a los estresores identificados y acciones educativas que contribuyan para la valorización del profesional.

The effect of emotional stressors on postoperative skin conductance indices: a prospective cohort pilot study / Efeito dos estressores emocionais nos índices de condutância cutânea no pós-operatório: estudo piloto de coorte prospectivo

Abstract Background: Skin conductance response reflects the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and is used to measure acute pain. This pilot study examines correlations of skin conductance response with emotional stressors postoperatively. Methods: The correlation of skin conductance response with pain, anxiety, nausea and intellectual task performance was analyzed in postoperative patients. Results: Significant correlations were observed between anxiety and pain during physical activity on both postoperative day 1 and 2. No significant correlations were found between skin conductance response versus mild pain, nausea, anxiety or intellectual task performance. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that when the pain is well-controlled in the early postoperative period, skin conductance response monitoring may not be influenced by other emotional stressors.

Resumo Justificativa: A variação da condutância da pele reflete a atividade do sistema nervoso simpático e é usada para avaliar dor aguda. Este estudo piloto examinou as correlações entre a variação da condutância da pele e estressores emocionais no pós-operatório. Método: A correlação entre a variação da condutância da pele e dor, ansiedade, náusea e desempenho de tarefa intelectual foi analisada em pacientes no pós-operatório. Resultados: Correlações significantes foram observadas entre ansiedade e dor durante atividade física nos dias 1 e 2 pós-operatórios. Não foram encontradas correlações significantes entre a variação da condutância da pele e dor leve, náusea, ansiedade ou desempenho de tarefa intelectual. Conclusão: Este estudo piloto sugere que, quando a dor é bem controlada no pós-operatório inicial, o monitoramento empregando a variação da condutância da pele pode não ser influenciado por outros estressores emocionais.

Preditores da intenção de abandono profissional em caminhoneiros / Predictors of intention to leave profession in truck drivers

Apesar da importância da retenção de caminhoneiros, há pouca compreensão acerca das variáveis e suas interações para explicar a intenção do abandono profissional. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as variáveis sociodemográficas, laborais, psicossociais, estressores ocupacionais e a satisfação no trabalho como possíveis preditores da intenção de abandono em uma amostra de 565 caminhoneiros brasileiros. Como instrumentos de avaliação, foram utilizadas as Subescalas de Tendência ao Abandono, Satisfação no Trabalho e Riscos Psicossociais, questionários de variáveis sociodemográficas, laborais e estressores ocupacionais. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de regressão linear múltipla apontaram um modelo explicativo para a tendência ao abandono composto por sete variáveis que conjuntamente explicaram 29,2% da variância, sendo a satisfação no trabalho a variável de maior poder preditivo (13,2%). O estudo sugere ações de retenção desses profissionais aos gestores do transporte, com o objetivo de evitar a rotatividade dessa categoria.

Despite the importance of truck driver's retention, there is not enough understanding about the variables that interact to explain the intention to leave the profession. The objective of this study was to evaluate variables such as, sociodemographic, labor, psychosocial, occupational stressors and satisfaction with work, as possible predictors of abandonment, in a sample of 565 Brazilian truck drivers. For data capture purposes, a set of assessment tools was used. It was composed by: Subscales of Tendency to Abandonment, Job Satisfaction and Psychosocial risks, sociodemographic, labor and occupational stressors questionnaire. The results obtained by multiple linear regression analysis, have indicated seven variables to explain the model variance of 29,2%, with job satisfaction having the most significant prediction capacity (13,2%). The study suggests some retention actions by the management level on truckload carriers, in order to avoid the turnover of this job category.

Evidências de validade psicométricas do inventário de estressores no trabalho em oncologia / Evidence of psychometric validity of the inventory of stressors in work in oncology / Evidencias de validez psicométricas del inventario de estresores en el trabajo en oncología

O trabalho dos profissionais da saúde em oncologia é impactado por fatores estressores de diversas naturezas. O presente estudo objetivou realizar a adaptação do Inventário de Estressores no Trabalho em Oncologia para o Brasil e testar evidências de validade. O inventário foi aplicado a 384 profissionais, a maioria do sexo feminino e da Região Sudeste, com tempo médio de trabalho na oncologia de 9,4 anos. Foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória, e avaliação da confiabilidade e da invariância do instrumento entre enfermeiros e outras categorias ocupacionais. As análises confirmaram a quantidade de dimensões do modelo original, porém indicaram a redução da quantidade de itens, resultando em uma estrutura de cinco dimensões e 25 itens. Os resultados sugerem um instrumento com boas propriedades psicométricas, o que permite que seu uso seja recomendado em amostras brasileiras.

Stressors of various natures impact the work of oncology health professionals. The present study aimed to perform the adaptation to Brazil of the Inventory of Stressors in Oncology and to test evidences of its validity. The inventory was applied to 384 professionals, most of them females from the Southeast region, with a mean working time in oncology of 9.4 years. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, evaluation of scale reliability and invariance among nurses and other occupational categories were conducted. The analyzes confirmed the quantity of dimensions of the original model, but recommended the reduction of the quantity of items to a five-dimension structure and 25 items. The results suggest that this is an instrument with good psychometric properties, which endorse its use in Brazilian samples.

El trabajo de los profesionales de la salud en oncología es impactado por factores estresores de diversas naturalezas. El presente estudio objetivó fue realizar la adaptación para Brasil y probar evidencias de validez del Inventario de Estrés en el Trabajo en Oncología. El inventario fue aplicado a 384 profesionales, la mayoría del sexo femenino y de la región Sudeste, con tiempo medio de trabajo en la oncología de 9,4 años. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, evaluación de la confiabilidad y de la invariancia de la escala entre los enfermeros y otras categorías ocupacionales. Los análisis confirmaron la cantidad de dimensiones del modelo original, pero con reducción de la cantidad de ítems, resultando en una estructura de cinco dimensiones y 25 ítems. Los resultados sugieren un instrumento con buenas propiedades psicométricas, que permiten recomendar su uso en muestras brasileñas.

Do the undergraduate medical students perceive stress and what are the stressors?

Background: Medical students have been reported to suffer from higher perceived stress compared to general population and students in the other academic fields. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of stress and to identify the potential stressors among undergraduate medical students using perceived stress scale (PSS).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 301 undergraduate medical students at a private medical college in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka. The extent of the stress was assessed using PSS-10 and a questionnaire was used to identify the potential academic, psychosocial and environmental stressors.Results: The mean PSS score was found to be 26.34±3 in this study. Moderate stress was observed in 68% of the study participants. The PSS score was higher among the 2nd year MBBS students. Stress was observed more among female medical students (74%). Inadequate study leave (92.4%), vastness of academic curriculum (84.1%), poor quality of food in mess or home (70.4%), accommodation away from home (60.1%) and high parental expectations (48.5%) were found to be the potential stressors in this study.Conclusions: The study results thereby highlight the need to plan tailored interventions to address the various stressors and prevent stress among the medical students.

Factors Associated with Common Mental Disorders in Truck Drivers / Fatores Associados aos Transtornos Mentais Comuns em Caminhoneiros

Abstract This study aimed to identify the risk factors of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) using a sample of 565 Brazilian truck drivers. For data capture were applied the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Scale subscale of Psychosocial risks and questionnaire with socio-demographic, working and occupational stressors. The results obtained by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, have explained the 39.9% of variation on CMD. The occupational stressor working hours is the predictor variable with highest impact, may implying in an increase of 5.41 times more chance of the trucker to present CMD. The results indicate actions by management level as work organization and public authorities with regard to the external work conditions.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou identificar os fatores de risco dos Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em uma amostra de 565 caminhoneiros brasileiros. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Subescalas da Escala de Riscos Psicossociais e questionários sociodemográfico, laboral e de estressores ocupacionais. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de Regressão Logística Binária Multivariada explicaram 39,9% das variações dos TMC. A variável preditora de maior impacto foi o estressor ocupacional jornada de trabalho que implicou em um aumento de 5,41 vezes mais chance do caminhoneiro apresentar TMC. Os resultados sugerem ações por parte dos gestores quanto à organização do trabalho e por parte do poder público no que diz respeito às condições externas de trabalho.